Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMA Treatment cost in India
The Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) treatment cost in India range from $1,000 to $5,000 which is equivalent 85,000 to 4 lakh Indian Rupees per year. This includes physical therapy, respiratory support, and nutritional management.
For advanced treatment, disease-modifying therapies like Nusinersen (Spinraza), Onasemnogene Abeparvovec (Zolgensma), or Risdiplam may be recommended. These treatments, while highly effective, are very expensive, with costs potentially around 1.5 to 2.1 million dollars. However, ongoing clinical trials, compassionate use programs, and government support options may reduce the financial burden for some families.
Cost Range of Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMA Treatment cost in India
What is Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMA?
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a rare genetic condition that affects the muscles used for movement. It happens when there's a problem with a gene called SMN1, which leads to a lack of a protein needed to keep nerve cells in the spinal cord healthy. These nerve cells control muscle movement, and without the right amount of this protein, they start to weaken and die. As a result, the muscles become weak and shrink over time.
SMA mostly affects infants and young children, but it can also appear later in life. The symptoms can range from mild to severe depending on the type of SMA. Some babies may have trouble sitting, crawling, or even breathing and swallowing, while others may only experience muscle weakness later in childhood or adulthood.
While SMA is a lifelong condition, advances in medicine and therapy have made it possible to manage the symptoms more effectively. With the right support—including physical therapy, respiratory care, and, in some cases, new medications—many individuals with SMA can live longer, healthier, and more active lives. Early diagnosis and proper care play a key role in improving outcomes.
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Causes of Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMA
Cause Type | Description | Details |
Genetic Mutation (Primary Cause) | SMA is caused by a change (mutation) in the SMN1 gene, which affects motor neuron survival. | Most people have two SMN1 genes. In SMA, both copies are missing or faulty, leading to a lack of SMN protein essential for muscle control. |
Inherited Condition | SMA is passed down through families in an autosomal recessive pattern. | A child inherits one faulty SMN1 gene from each parent, who are usually carriers but do not show symptoms themselves. |
SMN2 Gene Copy Number | The number of backup SMN2 genes can influence how severe SMA is. | People with more SMN2 copies usually have a milder form of SMA, as this gene makes small amounts of the SMN protein. |
Rare Non-SMN1 Mutations | In very rare cases, mutations in other genes may also lead to SMA-like symptoms. | These cases are uncommon and may require further genetic testing for diagnosis. |
Types of Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMA
SMA Type | Age of Onset | Key Symptoms | Functional Abilities | Severity |
Type 0 | Before birth (prenatal) | Severe muscle weakness at birth, joint deformities, respiratory failure | Infants are often stillborn or survive only a few weeks | Most Severe |
Type 1 | 0–6 months (infantile onset) | Poor muscle tone, weak cry, difficulty feeding, breathing problems | Cannot sit unsupported, need breathing and feeding support | Severe |
Type 2 | 6–18 months (intermediate) | Muscle weakness, especially in legs, delayed motor milestones | Can sit but cannot walk independently, may need wheelchair later | Moderate to Severe |
Type 3 | After 18 months to adolescence | Difficulty walking, frequent falls, muscle fatigue | Can walk initially, may lose ability to walk over time | Mild to Moderate |
Type 4 | Adulthood (after 20–30 years) | Gradual muscle weakness, tremors, mild mobility issues | Usually maintain independence, may need support with physical activities in later years | Mildest |
Who is an Eligible Candidate for Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMA Treatment in India?
1. Medical Eligibility Criteria
a) Confirmed Diagnosis of SMA
Patients must have a confirmed diagnosis through:
- Genetic testing to detect mutations in the SMN1 gene.
- Clinical evaluation of muscle weakness and developmental milestones.
- Electromyography (EMG) or nerve conduction studies (if needed) A diagnosis also involves determining the SMA type (Type 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4), which helps guide treatment planning.
b) Type and Severity of SMA
- SMA Type 1 (severe): Infants showing symptoms within the first 6 months. Early intervention is critical.
- SMA Type 2 (moderate): Onset between 6–18 months; children can sit but may not walk.
- SMA Type 3 or 4 (mild): Symptoms appear in later childhood or adulthood; slower progression and wider treatment options.
2. Treatment-Specific Eligibility
a) Disease-Modifying Therapies (Spinraza, Zolgensma, Risdiplam)
- Best suited for early-stage SMA, especially in infants and toddlers.
- Zolgensma is ideal for patients under age 2 and below a certain weight.
- Spinraza and Risdiplam can be used in older children and adults, depending on spinal condition and drug access.
- Requires stable respiratory and organ function for safe administration.
b) Supportive Therapies (Physiotherapy, Nutritional, Respiratory Care)
- Suitable for all SMA patients, regardless of type.
- Helps maintain quality of life and improve mobility and breathing.
- Must have access to rehabilitation centers and regular follow-up.
3. General Health & Fitness Criteria
a) Age Considerations
- Infants and young children benefit most from early intervention with gene therapy or SMN-enhancing drugs.
- Older children and adults may receive oral treatments or supportive care tailored to their functional abilities.
b) Organ Function and Medical Stability
- Patients should have stable heart, kidney, and liver function.
- Severe scoliosis, contractures, or respiratory failure may require additional care planning.
4. Infection & Immunity Status
- No active or uncontrolled infections at the time of starting disease-modifying therapy.
- Vaccination records may be reviewed before starting immunomodulatory drugs.
- Patients with certain viral conditions (like hepatitis or HIV) may still be eligible with proper precautions.
Types of Spinal Muscular Atrophy SMA Treatment Cost in India
Types of SMA Treatment in India | Description | Cost Range in USD |
Supportive Care (Physiotherapy, Nutrition, Respiratory Support) | Includes physiotherapy, nutritional management, breathing support (like BiPAP), and orthopedic aids to maintain mobility and manage symptoms in all SMA types. | $1,000 to $5,000 annually |
Risdiplam (Evrysdi - Oral Medication) | A daily oral drug that helps increase SMN protein levels; suitable for children and adults with SMA Types 1, 2, and 3. Cost varies based on weight and dosage requirement. | $35,000 to $60,000 per year |
Spinraza (Nusinersen - Spinal Injection) | Administered via intrathecal injection; typically used in SMA Types 1 and 2. Requires multiple loading and maintenance doses, with cost reducing in subsequent years. | $70,000 to $100,000 (first year) |
Zolgensma (Gene Therapy) | A one-time gene therapy approved for children under 2 years of age. It replaces the faulty SMN1 gene to halt disease progression. Availability in India is limited. $1.5 million – $2.1 million (one-time) | $1.5 million to $2.1 million (one-time) |
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Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Treatment Cost in India Inclusions
- First consultation
- Treatment as advised
- Routine drugs and consumables required during hospitalization
- Pre-anesthesia check up and clearance
- Hospital stay and meals as per the package
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Treatment Cost in India Exclusions
- Pre-operative examination and tests
- Hotel stay, meals and flights
- Extended hospital stay
- Post-treatment follow-ups
- Treatment for any other underlying medical conditions
- Any complex investigations or drugs
Other Factors Affecting Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Treatment Cost in India
- Choice of location, doctor, and hospital
- Type of surgery advised
- Pre-existing medical history
- Type and duration of treatment advised
Types of Tests for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) in India
Test Category | Brief Description | Common Tests |
Genetic Testing | Confirms the diagnosis by detecting deletions or mutations in the SMN1 gene. | SMN1 Gene Deletion Test, SMN2 Copy Number Analysis. The cost will be around $350 to $400. |
Electrophysiological Tests | Assesses the health of muscles and nerves, helps in evaluating muscle function. | Electromyography (EMG), Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS). The cost will be around $150 to $200 |
Muscle Function Evaluation | Checks muscle strength, tone, and mobility to assess disease severity and progression. | Physical Examination, Motor Function Scales (like HINE, CHOP INTEND, HFMSE). Cost around $30 to $40. |
Pulmonary Function Tests | Measures breathing capacity and respiratory muscle strength, especially in older patients. | Spirometry, Peak Cough Flow, Blood Gas Analysis. |
Swallowing and Nutrition Tests | Evaluates ability to swallow safely and maintain proper nutrition. | Swallow Study, Feeding Assessment, Nutritional Status Evaluation. |
Imaging Studies | Helps rule out other neuromuscular disorders or skeletal issues. | MRI of Brain/Spine (if needed), X-rays for Scoliosis or Hip Dislocation. The cost will be around $350 to $400. |
Blood Tests (General Health) | Assesses organ function and overall health status before starting advanced treatments. | CBC, Liver Function Tests (LFT), Kidney Function Tests (KFT), Electrolyte Panel. The cost will be around $80-$100. |
Why India is Preferred for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Treatment?
India is increasingly becoming a preferred destination for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) treatment due to its blend of specialised medical expertise, modern healthcare infrastructure, and relatively affordable care options. SMA is a rare genetic neuromuscular disorder that requires timely diagnosis, multidisciplinary care, and access to both supportive therapies and advanced disease-modifying treatments. India offers a wide range of services, including physiotherapy, respiratory support, nutritional counselling, and, in select cases, access to medications like Risdiplam, Spinraza, or gene therapy through special programs or import authorisations.
Highly trained pediatric neurologists, genetic specialists, and rehabilitation experts in India have significant experience in managing SMA across all age groups and severity levels. Many of these professionals have international training and follow globally accepted protocols. Hospitals in India are equipped with advanced diagnostics such as genetic testing, electromyography (EMG), and pulmonary function assessments to accurately diagnose and monitor SMA. In addition, dedicated SMA clinics offer personalised treatment plans, early intervention services, and long-term rehabilitation.
Several Indian hospitals provide international patients with dedicated assistance, including help with medical visa processing, interpreter services, accommodation arrangements, and coordinated follow-up care. Compared to Western countries, the cost of supportive care and therapies is significantly lower in India, making it more accessible for families from neighbouring regions like Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
This combination of clinical excellence, comprehensive care, advanced facilities, and patient-friendly services has positioned India as one of the leading countries for managing Spinal Muscular Atrophy with both compassion and competence.
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FAQs
Yes. SMA is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, meaning a child must inherit two faulty SMN1 genes—one from each parent—to be affected. Parents are usually carriers without showing symptoms.
SMA is confirmed through genetic testing that checks for SMN1 gene deletion. Additional tests like EMG, nerve conduction studies, and motor function scales help assess severity.
While there is no permanent cure, treatments can slow disease progression, improve strength, and enhance quality of life. These include gene therapy (like Zolgensma), Spinraza, Risdiplam, and supportive therapies.
With early treatment, proper care, and ongoing support, many children with SMA can lead longer, more active, and fulfilling lives than ever before.
Advanced therapies like Zolgensma can be very costly (1.7-2.1 million USD), but supportive care and Risdiplam are more affordable in India.
Yes. Prenatal genetic testing and carrier screening can detect SMA in a fetus or identify if prospective parents are carriers of the SMN1 gene mutation. This helps families make informed decisions during pregnancy.
Common early signs include:
- Weak or floppy muscles (hypotonia)
- Difficulty swallowing or sucking
- Poor head control
- Limited movement in arms and legs
- Trouble breathing or coughing
Yes. SMA is a progressive disease, which means symptoms can worsen without treatment. However, early intervention, physical therapy, and new medications can slow progression and improve quality of life.
Physiotherapy helps improve mobility, prevent joint stiffness, strengthen remaining muscles, and support posture. It’s an essential part of long-term SMA management.
No. SMA does not affect brain development or intelligence. Most children with SMA have normal cognitive abilities and attend school or learn like their peers.